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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

一折保时捷，误会如何解？******

　　错标超低价保时捷下单后须交付吗？近日，某地一家保时捷中心上线一辆轿车，标价12.4万元，引发大量消费者订购。截至当天晚上，该销售链接共有近600个预订单。随后，保时捷下架了这辆车并退回消费者订金。此事引发社会热议，有不少网友评论称，按照诚信原则，商家既然提供了链接且客户下单了，那么就应该交付。(2月2日《法治日报》)

　　平均售价100多万的豪华车，一折出售，优惠力度之大，也难怪让人心动。然而，除了心动外，可能更多的是疑惑。相信那些下单了的客户也会抱有疑问，“标价远低于实际价值，这可能吗？”当然，或许有更多人的心里会出现另一个声音，“万一这是真的呢？”于是乎，争执就由此产生了。

　　近年来，网络平台卖家错标商品价格、出现“乌龙”订单的现象时有发生，引发纠纷不断。人们争论的焦点，往往在于其“重大误解”的认定上。

　　何为“重大误解”？按字面意思，可以简单理解为双方信息存在误差，而且其中一方会因为误差造成出现重大损失。实际上，按照我国民法典对重大误解制度的相关规定，如果确实是商家无心之失或技术故障，导致出现极不公平的“乌龙”订单，商家可以重大误解为由撤销合同。然而，在大多数情况下，对“重大误解”的解释，一般是由商家“自证”，而消费者却难以考证，这就让消费者在天然上处于信息弱势一方。当误解情形不明显，或存在商家刻意引流的情况下，重大误解制度更有可能成为某些商家暗箱操作的“遮羞布”，这就与其设立的初衷事与愿违了。

　　其实，按照公平与诚信的交易原则，若出现重大差错而导致重大误解，就如本次的“一折保时捷”，商家为避免重大损失而行使撤销权，这无可厚非。但误会不会自动解除，需要商家拿出真诚实意，主动向消费者寻求谅解、协商解决，造成消费者的信赖受损也应有相应的补偿。而任何私下强制解除合同的行为，不仅有可能加深误解，而且也不合法律程序，有可能背上新官司。

　　对于消费者来说，面对商家恶意引流、肆意操纵标价的行为，要敢于维权。当然，捡漏之心，人皆有之，但一个诚信友善的消费者，也不应拿别人的错误来“奖励”自己。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (陈文杰)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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